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According to Cancer Research, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK, and it affects thousands of people every year. Although awareness has improved over time, many people still feel unsure about how to check their breasts, what symptoms to look for or when to seek medical help. Early detection saves lives, which is why access to clear, reliable information is essential. This guide provides a simple and informative overview of breast cancer, using trusted information from UK health sources.
What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer develops when cells in the breast begin to grow and divide abnormally. These cells can form a lump known as a tumour and, if untreated, may spread to other parts of the body. Breast cancer mainly affects women; however, men can also develop it because breast tissue is present in men too.
You can read more about how breast cancer develops through the NHS breast cancer guide.
Breast cancer statistics in the UK
Breast cancer is a major health issue in the UK. Here are some important stats from Cancer Research with data ranging from 2017-2023:
- Around 55,000 women and 400 men are diagnosed with breast cancer every year in the UK.
- One in seven women in the UK will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime
- You could be more likely to get breast cancer if you are over the age of 50.
- Breast cancer is not among the most common types of cancers in men, equating to just 1% of all new male cancer cases (2017-2019)
- At least one in four cases of breast cancer can be prevented.
These statistics highlight why early detection and awareness are vital.
Symptoms of breast cancer
Breast cancer does not always show a lump, and not every lump is cancerous. The NHS recommends speaking to a GP if you notice any of the following:
- A new lump, or swelling, in your breast, chest, or armpit
- A change in the size or shape of one or both breasts
- Discharge from either nipple
- A change in the appearance of the nipple, such as turning inward
- Nipple discharge (if you are not pregnant or breastfeeding), which may or may not have blood in it.
- Skin dimpling or puckering on the breast
- Ongoing pain in the breast or armpit
Checking your breasts regularly helps you notice changes early, which improves the chances of successful treatment.
How to check your breasts
There is no right or wrong way to check your breasts. The important thing is to check them regularly and know what is normal for you. The NHS have a video on How to Check your Breasts or Chest, you can also download this NHS PDF guide on Examining your Breasts.
- Look at your breasts or chest in a mirror to look for any changes.
- Feel around each breast or side of your chest in a circular motion all the way up to your collarbone and under each armpit.
- Feel around and over each nipple.
Breast checks only take a few minutes and should be done once a month.
Breast cancer in men
Although rare, men can develop breast cancer too. According to Cancer Research UK, there are around 390 new cases each year. Most men who develop breast cancer are over 60, and the most common symptom is a painless lump behind the nipple.
Breast screening in the UK
The NHS Breast Screening Programme invites women aged 50 to 70 for breast screening every three years. Screening uses a mammogram which is an X-ray of the breast that can detect cancer before symptoms appear.
Women aged 50-53 will automatically be invited for a breast screening, and then will be invited every three years until they are aged 71. Women who have a family history of breast cancer or carry a genetic mutation such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 may be offered earlier or more frequent screening.
Early and frequent screening saves lives because it can detect cancer at an early stage when treatment is more likely to be successful.
What increases the risk of breast cancer
Some risk factors cannot be controlled, such as age or family history. Others are linked to lifestyle. According to Cancer Research UK, risk factors include:
Factors you cannot change
Lifestyle-related factors
A healthy lifestyle can help reduce risk. Regular exercise, limiting alcohol and maintaining a healthy weight can make a difference.
Treatment options
Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of breast cancer. The NHS lists the main treatment options as:
- Surgery to remove the tumour
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormone therapy
- Targeted therapies such as Herceptin
Doctors create a treatment plan based on the person’s health and the type of breast cancer they have.
Support for people affected by breast cancer
A breast cancer diagnosis can be life-changing but support is available. These UK charities and organisations offer help:
Links to all support services can be found on the NHS cancer support page.
Final message
Breast cancer awareness is more than a campaign in October. It is about giving people the knowledge to act early. Regular self-checks and speaking to a GP if something does not feel or look right are simple steps that protect health. Awareness saves lives, and everyone has a role in spreading the message.
Disclaimer: The information in this article is for general awareness purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. All statistics and facts have been researched using credible and trusted UK health sources, including the NHS, Cancer Research UK, Breast Cancer Now and the Office for National Statistics. The content is accurate to the best of our knowledge as of October 2025; however, health information and statistics may change over time as new research emerges. Always speak to a qualified healthcare professional if you have concerns about your health.